Social Capital and Educational Opportunities

In The Forms of Capital, Pierre Bourdieu explains, “It is in fact impossible to account for the structure and functioning of the social world unless one reintroduces capital in all its forms and not solely in one form recognized by economic theory” (Bourdieu, 1986). He identifies capital as something that can take an objectified or embodied form, takes time to accumulate,and  has the potential “to produce profits and to reproduce itself in identical or expanded form” (Bourdieu, 1986). Perhaps most importantly, Bourdieu identifies capital as “a force inscribed in the objectivity of things so that everything is not equally possible or impossible” (Bourdieu, 1986). Bourdieu goes on to explain in detail the three forms of capital, economic, cultural, and social, and how they inter-relate. While all forms of capital can affect a student’s educational opportunity, social capital because of its strong ties to both economic and cultural capital has the capacity to greatly enhance or hinder a student’s educational opportunities. Continue reading

The Original Position and Education

John Rawls was big on justice. In A Theory of Justice, he explored and defended the idea of “justice as fairness” (Rawls 3). He believed justice to be “the first virtue of social institutions” and that “each person possess an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override” (Rawls 3). He defined a well-ordered society as one that is designed to advance the good of its citizens and furthermore one in which:

(1) everyone accepts and knows that the others accept the same principles of justice, and (2) the basic social institutions generally satisfy and are generally known to satisfy these principles. (Rawls 5)  Continue reading

Dewey’s Experiment in Education: The Laboratory School

Before Dewey wrote my two favorite pieces of work, The Child and the Curriculum (1902) and Experience and Education (1938), he “worked out the main lines of his philosophy of education while conducting his school”—The Laboratory School at the University of Chicago (Tanner 101). In The meaning of curriculum in Dewey’s Laboratory School (1896-1904), Laurel N. Tanner argues, “Dewey’s educational philosophy cannot be fully understood without a sense of how he tried to test his ideas in practice” (Tanner 101). I’m not sure I completely agree with that statement; however, I do see merit in further exploring his Laboratory School and the lessons that can be learned from it. Continue reading

Jean Jacques Rousseau and Educational Freedom

In 1762, another prominent philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau, published his thoughts on education. In Emile, Rousseau, like Locke, also highlights the importance of experience in learning, explaining that all education comes “from nature or from men or from things” (Rousseau, 1979, p. 38). Rousseau believes:

“Early education consists largely in allowing the young child the freedom of its natural activity. Instead of becoming passive by being taught, or resentful by being punished, the child must learn from experience, from seeing the natural consequences of his actions” (Rorty, 1998, pgs. 8-9).  Continue reading

Locke’s Inquiry into Human Knowledge

Did you know that the philosophical writings of John Locke played a large role in shaping the first education systems in the American colonies? It’s true.

In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke aimed to “inquire into the original, certainty, and extent of human knowledge” (Locke, 1996, p. 4). He investigated the traditional belief that all ideas are innate, and went on to prove that ideas are in fact not innate, but rather come from either sensation or reflection.  Continue reading

Philosophizing Education

I’ve heard more than a few times that a major in philosophy is useless, that it leads to no jobs, and that to study philosophy just seems pointless. In fact, even my own friends and family members tend to tease me about my philosophical interests (little do they know, I actually pursued a major in philosophy before I came across “my more logical choice”—political economy—which ironically INCLUDED the study of philosophy, in addition to economics, political science, and history).

If you’ve ever read Robert Heilbroner’s Teachings from the Worldly Philosophy, you’ll find that many economists, great political minds, and respected thinkers were, in fact, first and foremost philosophers. Continue reading